For times before 1583 the details should be mutually agreed between the partners who exchanges date values. The order of months in a year does not change, neither does the order of days in a month. January in a particular year is always before December in the same year. So, for your example, 25 January 500 BCE is earlier than 25 December 500 ...
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As described in this article here by Dr Mario Livio: The Talmud (an 1500-2000 year-old Jewish book of laws and traditions) describes how a Rabbi anticipated hs ship getting lost, because “There is a star that appears every 70 years and induces navigation errors. I thought it might appear and cause us to go astray.”.
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So year 2010 is the last year of the first decade of the twenty-first century. Roman numerals have historically been used to represent year numbers. Roman numerals do not have a representation for zero so Roman numerals are useful for representing natural numbers but less useful for representing integers.
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The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates.
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Moon-Mars Occultations occur every 174 to 188 Days. Average worldwide interval (based on 500 years) between occultations is 180 days. In a calendar year, zero to five occultations can occur. Annual occultation doesn't occur on average about once in 15 years. (Source)
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To counter the Zero, Spitfire pilots had to adopt a"slash and run" policy and use their faster speed and diving superiority to fight, while avoiding classic dogfights. That Southeast Asia was a lower-priority area also did not help, and it was allocated few Spitfires and other modern fighters compared to Europe, which allowed the Japanese to easily achieve air superiority by 1942.
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8. At the time when the so-called Christian era was introduced, the mathematical concept of zero was not known in Europe. Thus, the year before AD 1 is called 1 BC. However, in modern astronomical and mathematical usage “1 BC” is called the year “0”, “2 BC” is called “-1”, “3 BC” is called “-2”, etc. If you follow this ...
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2. There is no year zero because the concept of zero arrived to Europe 1200 years later. The concept of something to represent nothing is a bit paradoxical. The history of numbers is chock full of paradoxical thinking. This includes numbers that aren't numbers (negative numbers), numbers that don't make a bit of sense (irrational numbers), and ...
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I want to determine OPTIMAL date, time (and location) to observe a particular star (i.e. RA and DEC known). I impose 2 conditions: (i) star is 'CULMINATING' (i.e. pasing thru local meridian), so Local Siderial Time (LST) = RA (star) + HA (star) = RA (star), and (ii) it's midnight so LST = RA (sun) + HA (sun) = RA (sun) + 12 hr. Equating both ...
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The earliest source I can find that make the connection between the pointed, oval-shape symbol for zero and seashells is Animal Figures in the Maya Codices (Tozzer and Allen, 1910):"the glyphs for various molluscs which are used not to represent the shell but to give the value of zero to the numerical calculations."
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